![]() This systematic review included 16 articles on Closure of schools in China and its impact on transmission on COVID-19. School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review A summary of the papers included in this narrative review is presented in Table 1 The data is qualitatively analysed and reported in the paper. The studies included were categorized under eight headings divided in various thematic sections and discussed with studies and reports found. Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers. Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included. Based on these inclusion criteria we included 22 articles. We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health. Grey literature such as conference proceedings were not included due to possibility of insufficient information. Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included. After using the above strategy, our search showed 112 results. This was done keeping in mind the varied terminologies used to describe the phenomenon of ‘Children and COVID-19”. Therefore in order to make the review more comprehensive and informative, we also included studies that reported the effect on older children and impact of COVID1-19 on their lives. Among these, only four articles were related to “Psychological effects of COVID in children”. Initial PubMed search with the term with “ COVID-19 in children” showed only 12 results. A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies. The searches were done by five independent reviewers. ![]() This search strategy and terms were modified for other databases as appropriate. We carried out the search with the following methods like, MeSH or free text terms and Boolean operators were employed for PubMed COVID-19 and Children OR (Children and COVID-19 effects OR & Psychological effects of COVID-19 on children &Quot OR (&Quot COVID effects on children &Quot AND ' &Quot ) OR effects on Children of COVID-19 ' Psychological effects of COVID, Children ') OR ('COVID-19 and children ' OR ' Psychological effects of COVID-19, Children '. We searched the electronic data bases of MEDLINE through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science-direct and Google Scholar databases, from January,2020 till June,2020. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents ( Shen et al., 2020). These inexorable circumstances which are beyond normal experience, lead to stress, anxiety and a feeling of helplessness in all. In this backdrop one of the principal measures taken during lockdown has been closure of schools, educational institutes and activity areas. On these grounds, since January, 2020, various countries started implementing regional and national containment measures or lockdowns. Throughout the world, an essential modus of prevention from COVID- 19 infection has been isolation and social distancing strategies to protect from the risk of infection ( Shen et al., 2020). COVID-19 has impacted the lives of people around the world including children and adolescents in an unprecedented manner. ![]() Those aged between 10 to 19 years make up 16 % of the world's population ( UNICEF, 2019). There are more than 2.2 billion children in the world who constitute approximately 28% of the world's population. ![]()
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